claybourne



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1..

0.. W. GLA'YBOURNE. OIL 0R GAS BURNER.

No 531,509. Patented Dec. 25, 1894! (mi Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2;

'0. W. GLAYBOURNE.

OIL 0B. GAS BURNER. Y v No. 531,509. Patented Dec. 25, 1894.

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, UN TED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 531,509, dated. December 25, 18 94. Application filed November 6,1893. Serial No. 490,153. a. model.)

To a. whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, COLIN W. CLAYBOURNE,

a citizen ofthe United States, residing at In dianapolis, in the 'county'of-Marion', and in the State of Indiana,'have' invented certain new and useful Improvements in Oil or Gas Burners; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 shows a perspective view of my burner, with the pipe connections; Fig. 2, a View of a longitudinal vertical section of the burner; Fig. 3, a view of across section of the burner body, on line '00, w, of Fig. 2, the bulb being removed, and Fig. 4, aview of another form of cleaning device.

Letters of like name'and kind refer to like parts in each of the figures. J I

The object of my invention is to produce an improved burner for burning oil or gas,

. and to this end my invention c'onsists'in the burner and its parts, constructed, arranged and combined, as hereinafter specified. p

In hydrocarbon oil "and gas burners, as heretofore made and used, in which a jet of steam has been employed, to spray the oil or mingle with the gas, and force such oil or gas from a nozzle into the fire box or combustionchamber, for receiving theflame, it has been customary to use a strong blast of 5 steam which, drawing forward the oil or gas, has

put the mingled steam and gas or oil under great pressure, Within the nozzle, and has forced the mixture from the mouth of the nozzle witha strong blow-pipe action. The result has been, as found by practice, that it has been impossible to secure an even distribution of the heat of combustion over the surfaces to be heated, and that, where the.

burners are used to heat boilers, there has been an objectionable rapid deterioration and weakening of the boiler sheets or tubes, owing to the uneven application of heat, and the striking of thefiame more directly and strongly upon some parts than upon others.

Withthis objection to the oldform of burner in view, it has been the special purposeiof my present invention to provide a burner, which, while securing, by the action of the steam, a thorough atomization of the hydro-carbon, and an intimate mixture of the latter with the steam, will give a large volume of soft flame, which, not being forced forward,

threaded cylindrical part screwed into the short internally threaded neck-b, on the rear end-ofsaid bulb. The depth of such neck is the same as the length of the threaded part of body A, so that the forward end of the latter will be substantially flush withthe rear wall of the bulb just around neck b. In the :forwardend of the body is the central opening a, which is used to admit steam, when the burner is used for burning hydro-carbon oil. This opening communicates, at its rear end,

with a chamber a in the body,which has,

opening into its rear side, below opening a, the passage 0. into which is screwed the pipe 0, which, when the burner is used for oil, is connected with a source of supply of steam;

but, when gas is beingburned, is to be in com-' muuication with a source of supply of the gas under pressure. At a on this pipe, is a valve or cook, for' regulating the flow of steam or gas.

Above the opening a, as the burner is shown in the drawings, is the passage a extending through the burner body, having its forward end reduced in size, to form an opening quite small, as compared with the central opening already described. I prefer the relation in size to be as one toten, but do not limit'myself thereto. Into the rear end of such passagefis screwed the pipe D, valved at d, which,

when the burner is used for burning oil, is connected with means for forcing oil into the burner under pressure. Such means,-which I have shown conventionally at E,,can be in i the form of a force pump, as indicated,or of any other desired construction, adapted to feed 'the oil under the required pressure.

In practice, I find that, with the opening at the forward end of the passage a from a six teenth to a twelfth of an inch in diameter, a pressure of nine or ten pounds to the square inch is sufiicient to secure the proper feed of oil for heating a three hundred horse power boiler with two burners. Situated on the body A, just above the end of such passage, and extending forward and downward, within the bulb B, is the deflector a, which, being preferably, though not necessarily, curved, crosses, at a downward and forward angle, the path of the oil-jet issuing from passage a so that the oil, striking and spreading out over the under face of the same, will be directed in a thin sheet forward, and toward a central line passing through the axis of the bulb B, in such way, that the steam entering through opening a, and expanding within the bulb, will disintegrate or atomize it. After thus acting upon the oil, thesteam will whirl the particles of the latter around within the bulb, and become thoroughly mixed with the same, before they can reach and pass out of the mouth (2' of the bulb. The flow of steam is always so regulated, by the valve or cook a, that the pressure produced within the bulb is less than that on the oil from the feeding device. To secure this difference of pressure, while the steam is flowing into and expanding within the bulb, I make the latter quite large, and have the area of the mouth I), in cross section, six or seven times that of the steam opening a. With this arrangement, there can, obviously, be a quite rapid flow of steam into the bulb, without danger of. producing a pressure as great as that on the oil fed through passage 0. By practice,I find the best results to be secured by making the bulb of the shape shown, that is, with a body in the form of an oblate spheroid, with a conical extension on the outer side, ending in a cylindrical discharge neck, as shown in the drawings; though I do not limit myself to such special shape. Of whatever form the body of the bulb may be, I find it best to have the internal area of its largest part fourteen times the diameter of the steam admitting opening (1, though, obviously, such exact proportions are not necessary, and can be departed from at will.

In a burner having a bulb seven inches in diameter, in internal diameter, in its largest part, with a discharge mouth about one inch wide, I have used, with great success, in producing a flame of the greatest possible heating power, which could be easily directed where Wanted, by suitable draft devices, a steam opening of about one half inch diameter, with an oil opening only one sixteenth of an inch in diameter, the pressure on the oil being about nine pounds. With such construction and proportions, and the inflow of steam properly regulated, so that, as the latter expands, the pressure in the bulb is always less than that of the oil feed, I have found that a great volume of clear blue flame is delivered from the bulb-nozzle, without any of the blow-pipe action always present with the oil and steam burners, as heretofore used, and without any of the oil being blown from the nozzle, so as to be imperfectly consumed or wasted. The flame so produced not only gives the highest'amonnt of heat units, for a given amount of oil, but is soft and easily manageable, so that it can be most readily directed to apply its heat uniformly and evenly, over any surfaces to be heated. Moreover, on account of the light draft which may be used to properly direct the flame, less heat will be lost by passing through the uptake. For these reasons, I have found this new burner, as constructed and operated by me, to be applicable with great advantage to the heating of boilers, brick or lime kilns, and in other apparatus, wherever the uniform and even application of great heat economically produced and applied, is desired.

When the burner is to be used for burning gas, the body A is turned to bring the deflector a underneath the central opening a. The source of gas supply is connected with chamber" a, so that the gas will enter through a; and the steam supply is connected with the passage a With natural gas, even at the very low pressure of two ounces to the square inch, I have been able with my burner, the steam being admitted to the bulb only at such rate as would keep the pressure in the bulb below that on the gas, to produce a large volume of clear flame with great heat.

A given amount of natural gas as run through my burner with steam, has been found to produce a hotter, more colorless flame, with far greater heating power than can be secured where the steam pressure at the place where steam and gas meet and mingle, is greater than the head on the gas.

Where the gas pressure is very low, as, for instance, two ounces to the square inch, I prefer to enlarge the central opening a, through which it reaches the interior of bulb B.

In order that the burner may readily be cleaned, should the oil passage tend to clog up during use, I employ a cleaning device, of which two forms are shown in the drawings. The one appearing in Fig. 1, consists of a steam pipe F, provided with stop-cock f, and communicating with the pipe D leading to passage a At its other end, such pipe F is, to be connected with the steam-pipe O, as shown, or with any suitable source of supply of steam. With either construction, when the oil passage is to be cleaned, the cock dis closed to shut 0% the oil supply, and cook f is opened, so that a blast of steam will pass through passage a", and clean it thoroughly. In Fig. 4, I showa dilferent form of arrangement for cleaning said passage. A portion of the pipe leading the oil to the passage, is made to extend rearward in line with the latter, and has its rear end provided with a removable plug (1. When this is removed, a

bulb, both of which can be easily cast; and;

as used in accordance with my invention, either for burning oil or gas, has been found to produce, with a smallfeed of oil or gas, a

great volume of exceedingly hot, transparent, flame, in form and condition, to be most readily directed by ordinary draft regulating and directing devices; 7, so asto apply its heat softly and uniformly over any surfacerequired to be heated. Such flame is steady, soft and easily directed, of intense heat, without smoke, and containsa greater number of units of heat than can be secured from a given quantity of oil with burners heretofore known andused, actual practice showing that I can get evaporation of sixteen pounds of water with one pound of crude oil. By bringing the oil in contact with the expanding steam within the enlarged chamber of the nozzle, and keeping the pressure in such chamber at a low point,as described, I produce a mixture of the component parts of the oiland steam, before the mouth of the nozzle is reached and'passed, which, at the point of ignition, takes fire at once and completely, as a gas would. p

Having thus described my inventiom'what I claim is- 1. A- burner for oil or gas, having a suitable body with the small passage, the deflector extending inward and forward at an angle across the path of a jet issuing from such passage, the second passage, and the bulb with its interior expanding forward from around the mouths of thetwo passages, and

then tapering forward, and a discharge mouth on the forward end of the tapering part of the bulb, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a burner for hydro-carbon, in combination with a suitable body having the steampassage, a smaller oil-passage, and the deflector extending forward and inward at an angle to a jet issuing from the oil-passage, the bulb on the body having the chamber within it expanding forward from around the place, where the steam and oil-passages enter, and then reduced forward to a discharge mouth larger than the mouth of the steam-passage, means for feeding the oil through its passage under pressure, and a source of supply of steam connected with the steam-passage, so that the steam will enter the bulb at a rate that will cause the discharge from'the burner to be at a low pressure, substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. In a burner for hydro-carbon, in combination with a suitable body provided with the large central passage, the smaller passage to one side of the other, and the deflector extending forward and inward, at an angle'to mouth or nozzle, and sources of supply of 75 v steam and the hydro-carbon, under pressure, one connected with one passage, and the other, with the other, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I Witnesses:

WM. L. SMITH, W. H. PALMER. 

